Barrel Shifter Physical Unclonable Function Based Encryption

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are circuits designed to extract physical randomness from the underlying circuit. This randomness depends on the manufacturing process. It differs for each device enabling chip-level authentication and key generation applications. We present a protocol utilizing a PUF for secure data transmission. Parties each have a PUF used for encryption and decryption; this is facilitated by constraining the PUF to be commutative. This framework is evaluated with a primitive permutation network - a barrel shifter. Physical randomness is derived from the delay of different shift paths. Barrel shifter (BS) PUF captures the delay of different shift paths. This delay is entangled with message bits before they are sent across an insecure channel. BS-PUF is implemented using transmission gates; their characteristics ensure same-chip reproducibility, a necessary property of PUFs. Post-layout simulations of a common centroid layout 8-level barrel shifter in 0.13 {\mu}m technology assess uniqueness, stability and randomness properties. BS-PUFs pass all selected NIST statistical randomness tests. Stability similar to Ring Oscillator (RO) PUFs under environment variation is shown. Logistic regression of 100,000 plaintext-ciphertext pairs (PCPs) failed to successfully model BS- PUF behavior

Blow-up solution and analyticity to a generalized Camassa-Holm equation

A generalized Camassa-Holm equation with higher order nonlinear term was studied. First, we give a new blow-up criterion and a new blow-up phenomenon to the Cauchy problem for the equation under some conditions. Then, we focus on the analytical solutions for the equation. Finally, we prove the analyticity of solution for the equation

Integrity and Junkiness Failure Handling for Embedding-based Retrieval: A Case Study in Social Network Search

Embedding based retrieval has seen its usage in a variety of search applications like e-commerce, social networking search etc. While the approach has demonstrated its efficacy in tasks like semantic matching and contextual search, it is plagued by the problem of uncontrollable relevance. In this paper, we conduct an analysis of embedding-based retrieval launched in early 2021 on our social network search engine, and define two main categories of failures introduced by it, integrity and junkiness. The former refers to issues such as hate speech and offensive content that can severely harm user experience, while the latter includes irrelevant results like fuzzy text matching or language mismatches. Efficient methods during model inference are further proposed to resolve the issue, including indexing treatments and targeted user cohort treatments, etc. Though being simple, we show the methods have good offline NDCG and online A/B tests metrics gain in practice. We analyze the reasons for the improvements, pointing out that our methods are only preliminary attempts to this important but challenging problem. We put forward potential future directions to explore

Barrel Shifter Physical Unclonable Function Based Encryption

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are designed to extract physical randomness from the underlying silicon. This randomness depends on the manufacturing process. It differs for each device. This enables chip-level authentication and key generation applications. We present an encryption protocol using PUFs as primary encryption/decryption functions. Each party has a PUF used for encryption and decryption. This PUF is constrained to be invertible and commutative. The focus of the paper is an evaluation of an invertible and commutative PUF based on a primitive shifting permutation network—a barrel shifter. Barrel shifter (BS) PUF captures the delay of different shift paths. This delay is entangled with message bits before they are sent across an insecure channel. BS-PUF is implemented using transmission gates for physical commutativity. Post-layout simulations of a common centroid layout 8-level barrel shifter in 0.13 μ m technology assess uniqueness, stability, randomness and commutativity properties. BS-PUFs pass all selected NIST statistical randomness tests. Stability similar to Ring Oscillator (RO) PUFs under environmental variation is shown. Logistic regression of 100,000 plaintext–ciphertext pairs (PCPs) fails to successfully model BS-PUF behavior

Cryptographic application of physical unclonable functions (PUFs)

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are circuits designed to extract physical randomness from the underlying circuit. This randomness depends on the manufacturing process. It differs for each device enabling chip-level authentication and key generation applications. This thesis has performed research work about PUF based encryption and low power PUFs. First, we present a protocol utilizing a PUF for secure data transmission. Each party has a PUFused for encryption and decryption; this is facilitated by constraining the PUF to be commutative. This framework is evaluated with a primitive permutation network - a barrel shifter. Physical randomness is derived from the delay of different shift paths. Barrel shifter (BS) PUF captures the delay of different shift paths. This delay is entangled with message bits before they are sent across an insecure channel. BS-PUF is implemented using transmission gates; their characteristics ensure same-chip physical commutativity, a necessary property of PUFs designed for encryption. Post-layout simulations of a common centroid layout 8-level barrel shifter in 0.13μm technology assess uniqueness, stability and randomness properties. BS-PUFs pass all selected NIST statistical randomness tests. Stability similar to Ring Oscillator (RO) PUFs under environment variation is shown. Logistic regression of 100,000 plaintext-ciphertext pairs (PCPs) failed to successfully modelBS-PUF behavior. Then we generalize this encryption protocol to work with PUFs other than theBSPUFs. On the other hand, we further explore some low power techniques for building PUFs. Asymmetric layout improved unit path delay variation by as much as 73.2% and uniqueness problem introduced by asymmetric layout is proved to be solvable through Multi-Block entanglement pat-tern. By adopting these 2 techniques, power and area consumption of PUF can be reduced by as much as 44.29% and 39.7%.</p

Several Dynamic Properties for the gkCH Equation

In this paper, we focus on a generalized Camassa–Holm equation (also known as a gkCH equation), which includes both the Camassa–Holm equation and Novikov equation as two special cases. Because of the potential applications in physics, we will further investigate the properties of the equation from a mathematical point of view. More precisely, firstly, we give a new wave-breaking phenomenon. Then, we present the theorem of existence and uniqueness of global weak solutions for the equation, provided that the initial data satisfy certain sign conditions. Finally, we prove the Hölder continuity of a solution map for the equation

Persistence properties and blow-up phenomena for a generalized Camassa–Holm equation

Abstract In this paper, we investigate a generalized Camassa–Holm equation. Firstly, we establish the persistence properties of strong solutions for the equation in weighted spaces L ϕ p = L p ( R , ϕ p d x ) $L^{p}_{\phi}=L^{p}(\mathbb{R},\phi ^{p}\,dx)$ . Then we present some sufficient conditions of blow-up solutions assuming that the initial data satisfy certain conditions, which are more precise than those in the previous work

Recent progress in ferroptosis: inducers and inhibitors

Abstract Ferroptosis is a new iron-dependent form of programmed cell death characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. In recent years, ferroptosis has garnered enormous interest in disease treatment research communities in pursuit to reveal the mechanism and key targets of ferroptosis because ferroptosis is closely related to the pathophysiological processes of many diseases. Recent studies have shown some key targets, such as glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and System Xc−, and several inducers and inhibitors have been developed to regulate these key targets. With the emergence of new ferroptosis targets, studies on inducers and inhibitors have made new developments. The selection and use of inducers and inhibitors are very important for related work. This paper briefly introduces important regulatory targets in the ferroptosis metabolic pathway, lists and categorizes commonly used and recently developed inducers and inhibitors, and discusses their medical application. The paper ends of with potential future research direction for ferroptosis